Early Diagnosis Stage (Stage 0 - I): The early stage of breast cancer often involves procedures such as lumpectomy or breast-conserving surgery. This phase presents common side effects, including post-surgical pain, fatigue, and emotional stress, along with concerns about reduced range of motion and muscle strength loss. Engagement in moderate aerobic and resistance exercises is vital to strengthen cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength. Enhanced cardiopulmonary capacity facilitates better oxygen transport, promoting postsurgical recovery, while resistance training helps maintain and improve muscle strength, aiding in daily functional activities. Preoperative exercise preparation can also improve surgical outcomes and expedite recovery.

Advanced Stages (Stage II - III): The treatment of patients in advanced stages often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Exercise programs aimed at reducing fatigue and enhancing immune function are recommended during this period to improve quality of life. Gradual resistance training is particularly beneficial in reducing the risk of lymphedema, a common complication during breast cancer treatment. Well-designed exercise programs can facilitate lymphatic circulation, helping manage lymphedema. Exercise during this period contributes to fatigue reduction, stress alleviation, and maintenance of physical function.

Recovery Phase: Post-treatment challenges such as fatigue, depression, joint stiffness, and weight gain are prevalent. Cardiovascular health and physical function restoration should be the focus in the recovery phase, with an emphasis on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or aerobic exercises. These exercises not only enhance cardiovascular health but also alleviate fatigue and depression, significantly improving overall quality of life. Exercise activates metabolic processes, strengthens immune function, and suppresses inflammatory responses, thus aiding recovery. Additionally, flexibility exercises can alleviate joint stiffness and enhance the range of motion, improving daily functional capabilities.

• Cardiopulmonary Enhancement: Aerobic exercises increase heart rate and respiratory rate, ensuring efficient oxygen supply, which positively impacts tissue healing and recovery.

• Maintenance and Strengthening of Muscle Mass: Resistance training stimulates muscle growth and regeneration, maintaining and enhancing strength, thereby improving the ability to perform daily activities.

• Reduction of Fatigue and Improvement of Quality of Life: Regular exercise balances neurotransmitter levels, reducing fatigue, alleviating depression, and contributing to an improved quality of life.

• Lymphedema Management: Gradual resistance exercises facilitate smooth lymphatic flow, reducing the risk of lymphedema and alleviating discomfort associated with swelling.

In conclusion, tailored exercise prescriptions for breast cancer patients should be adapted according to the stage of diagnosis and treatment method, playing a crucial role in recovery and long-term health. Personalized exercise plans, considering individual characteristics, support both physical and mental well-being. Participation in exercise is essential for breast cancer patients to lead healthier lives, helping them overcome side effects and enhance their quality of life, ultimately fostering a healthier future.