3. Look AHEAD Research Group; Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170(17): 1566–75.
5. Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 2001; 286(10): 1218–27.
6. Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2010. Natl Vital Statistics Rep. 2013; 60(6): 1–96.
7. Karr S. Epidemiology and management of hyperlipidemia. Am J Manag Care. 2017; 23(9 Suppl): S139–48.
8. Chandalia M, Abate N. Hyperlipidemia. In: Johnson L, editor. Encyclopedia of gastroenterology. Academic Press; 2004; p.403–10.
9. Burnham JM. Exercise is medicine: health benefits of regular physical activity. J La State Med Soc. 1998; 150(7): 319–23.
10. Lee HS, Park JB, Hwang IC, Yoon YE, Park HE, Choi SY, et al. Association of four lipid components with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in statin-naive young adults: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Cardiol. 2020; 27(8): 870–81.
11. Kim SR, Kwon EH. Effect of Health Promotion Program on Self-efficacy, Healthy Lifestyle and Serum Lipid Level in Employees with Hyperlipidemia. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003; 14(2): 200–10.
12. Moon JW. Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise to hyperlipidemia. Health & Sports Medicine; Official Journal of KACEP. 2006; 8(2): 137–43.
13. Lee JA. Relationship between Grip Strength and Prevalence of Hypertension in Korean Adults: the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015). J Kinesiology. 2017; 19(3): 53–60.
14. Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Salonen JT, Niskanen LK, Rauramaa R, Lakka TA. Low levels of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness predict development of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25(9): 1612–8.
15. Jang YH, Kim SH, Kim YS, Jung SH, Park J. The Relationship between Walking exercise and Quality of Life for Korean Adults. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2013; 11(5): 325–34.
17. Moraes MR, Bacurau RF, Casarini DE, Jara ZP, Ronchi FA, Almeida SS, et al. Chronic conventional resistance exercise reduces blood pressure in stage 1 hypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res. 2012; 26(4): 1122–9.
18. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Wolters Kluwer: Lippincott Williams & Wilkin; 2012; p 2-15.
19. Yamashita K, Yamashita T, Sato M, Inoue M, Takase Y. The Effects of an 18-Month Walking Habit Intervention on Reducing the Medical Costs of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia—A Prospective Study. Advan Biomed Engine. 2020; 9:117–24.
20. Woolcott JC, Ashe MC, Miller WC, Shi P, Marra CA, PACC Research Team. Does physical activity reduce seniors’ need for healthcare?: a study of 24 281 Canadians. Br J Sports Med. 2010; 44(12): 902–4.
21. Sari N. Physical inactivity and its impact on healthcare utilization. Health Econ. 2009; 18(8): 885–901.
22. Kwak Kl, Baek CH, Ryu SY. Relationship between the physical activity levels and health care utilization in korean elderly. J Korean Acad Industr Coop Soc. 2015; 16(1): 617–26.
23. Cho YS. Differences in outpatients healthcare utilization by level of physical activity among middle-aged Korean women [dissertation]. Seoul National University Thesis. 2015.
24. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(8): 1381–95.
26. Yang YJ, Yoon YS, Lee ES, Shin SH, Oh SW, Kim DH, et al. Development of self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of physical acitivity. Korean J Health Promot. 2005; 5(3): 178–98.
27. Jo YH, Kim KA, Jung EJ, Lee BS, Nho HS. The comparison of energy expenditure between gas analyzer and activity monitor. The Korean Journal of Physical Education. 2016; 55(4): 517–25.
28. Palatini P, Puato M, Rattazzi M, Pauletto P. Effect of regular physical activity on carotid intima-media thickness. Results from a 6-year prospective study in the early stage of hypertension. Blood Press. 2011; 20(1): 37–44.
29. Plotnikoff RC, Lippke S, Courneya K, Birkett N, Sigal R. Physical activity and diabetes: An application of the theory of planned behaviour to explain physical activity for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in an adult population sample. Psychology and Health. 2010; 25(1): 7–23.
30. Plotnikoff RC, Lippke S, Trinh L, Courneya KS, Birkett N, Sigal RJ. Protection motivation theory and the prediction of physical activity among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in a large population sample. Br J Health Psychol. 2010; 15(3): 643–61.
31. Verdaet D, Dendale P, De Bacquer D, Delanghe J, Block P, De Backer G. Association between leisure time physical activity and markers of chronic inflammation related to coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis. 2004; 176(2): 303–10.
32. Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger Jr RS. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325(3): 147–52.
33. Ko DS, Seok GH, Jung MS, Kim SH, Chun IA, Kim YN. Relation of Physical Activities and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women. Korea Insti Elec Commun Sci. 2013; 8(4).
34. Lee BK. Comparison of Prevalence of Hypertension and Medical Expenses According to the Level of Physical Activity of Korean Adults. Asian J Kinesiol. 2018; 20(4): 43–9.
35. Lee BK. Comparison of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, Medical Expenses, Inpatient, Emergency and Outpatient According to the Level of Physical Activity of Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asian J Kinesiol. 2019; 21(3): 1–8.
36. Stessman J, Rottenberg Y, Fischer M, Hammerman-Rozenberg A, Jacobs JM. Handgrip Strength in Old and Very Old Adults: Mood, Cognition, Function, and Mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017; 65(3): 526–32.
38. Amaral Cde A, Portela MC, Muniz PT, Farias Edos S, Araujo TS, Souza OF. Association of handgrip strength with self-reported diseases in adults in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil: a population-based study. Cad Saude Publica. 2015; 31(6): 1313–25.
39. Silventoinen K, Magnusson PK, Tynelius P, Batty GD, Rasmussen F. Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men. Int J Epidemiol. 2008; 38(1): 110–8.
40. Wu J, Davis-Ajami ML, Lu ZK. Real-world impact of ongoing regular exercise in overweight and obese US adults with diabetes on health care utilization and expenses. Prim Care Diabetes. 2019; 13(5): 430–40.
41. Sevick MA, Dunn AL, Morrow MS, Marcus BH, Chen GJ, Blair SN. Cost-effectiveness of lifestyle and structured exercise interventions in sedentary adults: results of project ACTIVE. Am J Prev Med. 2000; 19(1): 1–8.
42. Oh YH. An Econometric Analysis of the Difference between Exercisers and Non-Exercisers in medical Care Use. Health and Social Welfare Rev. 2013; 33(4): 471–96.
43. Zhang D, Wang G, Fang J, Mercado C. Hyperlipidemia and Medical Expenditures by Cardiovascular Disease Status in US Adults. Med Care. 2017; 55(1): 4–11.
44. Pratt M, Macera CA, Wang G. Higher direct medical costs associated with physical inactivity. Phys Sportsmed. 2000; 28(10): 63–70.
45. Peeters GG, Mishra GD, Dobson AJ, Brown WJ. Health care costs associated with prolonged sitting and inactivity. Am J Prev Med. 2014; 46(3): 265–72.